International Journal of Educational Administration, Management, and Leadership

Adaptation and Validation of the Abusive Supervision Scale: A Short Version for the Indonesian Context

2026-05-19T18:22:01+08:00

This study aims to adapt and examine the construct validity and internal reliability of the Abusive Supervision Scale Short Version (5-item) in the Indonesian context. The background of this research is based on the limited number of studies on abusive supervision in non-Western countries, particularly in Indonesia, which is characterized by high power distance. This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey design involving 252 employees who have direct supervisors in the province of South Sulawesi. The sample was selected purposively, and the scale was administered via an online platform. Data analysis was carried out using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with the WLSMV estimation method. The results show that the unidimensional model of the scale has a very good fit based on CFI (.998), TLI (.996), and SRMR (.019), with an RMSEA value of (.099). All items had factor loading values above 0.89 and were significant (p < .001), as well as an Average Variance Extracted (AVE) value of .89. In addition, the overall Omega coefficient value of .94 indicates very high internal reliability. These findings indicate that this scale is proven to be valid and reliable in measuring perceptions of abusive supervision in the Indonesian context. Practically, this short scale is useful for researchers and organizational practitioners because it can be used efficiently without increasing respondent fatigue, while still being able to provide an accurate depiction of the dynamics of abusive supervision.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Indonesian Version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9)

2026-05-19T18:21:46+08:00

This study aims to investigate a linguistic and cultural adaptation of the nine-item version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) into Indonesian, as well as to examine its construct validity and internal reliability in the context of Indonesia. The adaptation process followed standard procedures for cross-cultural instrument adaptation, including forward translation, back-translation, field testing, and psychometric analysis. Data were collected from 252 workers in South Sulawesi Province with diverse demographic backgrounds and types of employment. Analysis was carried out using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and internal reliability analysis. The results showed that two main dimensions of the UWES-9, namely vigor and dedication, had adequate construct validity and reliability, while the absorption dimension showed weaknesses in convergent validity and internal consistency (ω = .35). The three-factor model of the Indonesian version of the UWES-9 did not yet demonstrate optimal model fit (CFI = .83, TLI = .74, RMSEA = .22, SRMR = .09), indicating the need for structural modification, particularly in the absorption dimension. These findings highlight the importance of contextually and culturally valid instrument adaptation to ensure effective and accurate use before being widely applied for psychological measurement in Indonesian workplaces. In addition, further research is highly recommended to explore cultural factors that may influence individuals' responses to this instrument within the local work context.

The Intellectual Structure of Social Media Marketing Research

2026-05-19T18:21:31+08:00

The rapid growth of digital technologies and online platforms has significantly transformed marketing practices, leading to the increasing importance of social media marketing in contemporary business strategies. As scholarly interest in this field continues to expand, it becomes essential to understand the intellectual structure and thematic development of social media marketing research. This study aims to map the knowledge structure and identify key research themes within the social media marketing literature through a bibliometric analysis. Using data retrieved from the Scopus database, this research applies bibliographic coupling and network visualization techniques with the assistance of VOSviewer to analyze relationships among publications and identify major thematic clusters within the field. The findings reveal several interconnected research streams that highlight the role of social media in shaping digital marketing strategies, consumer engagement, brand relationships, and consumer decision-making processes. The results also demonstrate that social media marketing research is inherently multidisciplinary, integrating perspectives from marketing, digital communication, and business management. By mapping the intellectual structure of the field, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the evolution of social media marketing research and provides a foundation for identifying emerging research directions and future research opportunities in digital marketing.

Digital Leadership in SMEs

2026-05-19T18:21:16+08:00

Digital leadership has become increasingly important in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) as firms face growing pressure to adapt to digital transformation, innovation demands, and changing competitive conditions. However, the literature on digital leadership in SMEs remains fragmented across related themes such as technology adoption, innovation capability, and business performance. This study aims to map the development of research on digital leadership in SMEs through a bibliometric analysis of Scopus-indexed journal articles published between 2021 and 2026. The dataset consisted of 453 English-language journal articles within the Business, Management and Accounting subject area. Descriptive analysis was conducted using Scopus Analyze Search Results, while thematic mapping was performed using VOSviewer through keyword co-occurrence analysis. The findings show that research on digital leadership in SMEs has grown rapidly, particularly after 2023, and has developed as an interdisciplinary and internationally distributed field. The thematic structure remains strongly anchored in digital transformation and digital technologies, while digital leadership appears as an emerging but increasingly strategic theme linked to innovation capability, competitive advantage, and organizational performance. The study suggests that the field is shifting from a focus on operational digital adoption toward a stronger concern with leadership capability and long-term competitiveness. These findings contribute to a clearer understanding of the intellectual structure of the field and provide directions for future research and practice.