Asymmetric Decentralization in Different Eras: Indonesia’s Experience

Andik K D  Prasetyo; Jusuf  Madubun; Didin  Halim; Andi Aco  Agus; Andi Muhammad  Rivai

Andik K D Prasetyo Universitas Negeri Makassar
Jusuf Madubun University of Pattimura, Ambon - Indonesia
Didin Halim Universitas Negeri Makassar
Andi Aco Agus Universitas Negeri Makassar
Andi Muhammad Rivai Universitas Negeri Makassar

Keywords: Asymmetrical decentralization, historical constitutional, politics, socio-culture, local economy, security defense

Abstract

The issue of selling islands in Indonesia online (www.liputan6.com) disturbs our thinking to examine the actors and the prevailing format of governance. The format of governance in Indonesia in different eras has been very adaptive and sometimes ambiguous (double-faced) because, on the one hand, it has the face of decentralization but on the other hand, it has the face of asymmetrical decentralization, centralization, or re-centralization. The pattern of asymmetric decentralization in archipelagic countries (archipelago) is expected to be able to contribute to the development of local competencies owned by each region, as has been the successful experience of various countries that have successfully implemented asymmetric decentralization, such as Japan. Asymmetric decentralization in Indonesia is a historical continuation since the colonial period and is confirmed in three constitutions that have been in force. The rationale for asymmetric decentralization can be referred to in the constitution as the highest legal entity. Asymmetric decentralization concerns fundamental matters related to the pattern of relations between the center and the regions in the design of different authorities, institutions, finances, and controls. Asymmetrical decentralization can at least be given to autonomous regions with consideration of constitutional history, territorial politics, socio-culture, economic development, and national security defense.