Main Article Content
Abstract
Religious moderation has become a critical issue in contemporary education, particularly in multicultural societies like Indonesia. This study explores the leadership practices of school principals in promoting religious moderation in elementary schools in Rantepao Sub-district, North Toraja Regency. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study method, data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation at two schools: SD Kristen Rantepao 5 and SD Negeri 1 Rantepao. The findings reveal that school principals play a pivotal role in fostering inclusive environments that reflect the values of tolerance, harmony, and mutual respect. Strategies include integrating religious moderation into the curriculum, implementing interfaith extracurricular activities, and adopting participatory and adaptive leadership approaches. These efforts have created harmonious school cultures, developing students’ character in appreciating diversity and strengthening relationships between schools and the surrounding community. Despite challenges, such as initial resistance from some teachers and parents, the principals successfully addressed these issues through open dialogue and persuasive approaches. The findings underscore the importance of transformational leadership in creating inclusive educational settings and promoting religious moderation to maintain harmony in diverse societies. This study contributes practical insights for developing education policies grounded in moderation and equality.
Keywords
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
In submitting the manuscript to the International Journal of Educational Administration, Management, and Leadership (IJEAMaL), the authors certify that:
- They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
- That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
- The publication has been approved by the author(s) and by responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
- They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
- They agree to the following license and copyright agreement.
License and Copyright Agreement
Authors who publish with the International Journal of Educational Administration, Management, and Leadership (IJEAMaL) agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the International Journal of Educational Administration, Management, and Leadership (IJEAMaL) right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the International Journal of Educational Administration, Management, and Leadership (IJEAMaL) published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or edit it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
References
- Aderibigbe, S. A., Idriz, M., Alzouebi, K., AlOthman, H., Hamdi, W. B., & Companioni, A. A. (2023). Fostering Tolerance and Respect for Diversity through the Fundamentals of Islamic Education. Religions, 14(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14020212
- Afwadzi, B., & Miski, M. (2021). Religious Moderation in Indonesian Higher Educations: Literature Review. ULUL ALBAB Jurnal Studi Islam, 22(2), 203–231. https://doi.org/10.18860/ua.v22i2.13446
- Al-Bukharἷ, A. A. bin M. I. (2007). Sahih al-Bukhari. Dar Fikr.
- Alabdulhadi, M. M. J., & Alkandari, K. M. (2024). Practices of Islamic Education Teachers in Promoting Moderation (Wasatiyyah) Values Among High School Students in Kuwait: Challenges and Obstacles. Cogent Education, 11(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2365577
- Ansori, Y. Z., Nahdi, D. S., Juanda, A., & Santoso, E. (2024). Developing the Character of Elementary School Students Through Values-Based Leadership. Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Pendidikan, 16(4), 5335–5344. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v16i4.5513
- Aruman, I., Hasbi, Firman, & Ilham, D. (2024). Strategic Management in Strengthening Religious Moderation : A Case Study in Primary Schools. International Journal of Asian Education, 5(4), 274–286. https://doi.org/10.46966/ijae.v5i4.455
- Bilderback, S. (2024). Integrating training for organizational sustainability: the application of Sustainable Development Goals globally. European Journal of Training and Development, 48(7/8), 730–748. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-01-2023-0005
- Blokland, P., & Reniers, G. (2021). Achieving Organisational Alignment, Safety and Sustainable Performance in Organisations. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(18), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810400
- Canavesi, A., & Minelli, E. (2022). Servant Leadership and Employee Engagement: A Qualitative Study. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 34(4), 413–435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10672-021-09389-9
- Christopher Day, Sammons, P., & Successful, K. G. (2020). Successful School Leadership Education. Education Development Trust Highbridge, 59.
- Chughtai, M. S., Syed, F., Naseer, S., & Chinchilla, N. (2023). Role of Adaptive Leadership in Learning Organizations to Boost Organizational Innovations with Change Self-efficacy. Current Psychology, 43(33), 27262–27281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04669-z
- Darling-Hammond, L., Flook, L., Cook-Harvey, C., Barron, B., & Osher, D. (2020). Implications for Educational Practice of the Science of Learning and Development. Applied Developmental Science, 24(2), 97–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2018.1537791
- DeMatthews, D. E., Serafini, A., & Watson, T. N. (2020). Leading Inclusive Schools: Principal Perceptions, Practices, and Challenges to Meaningful Change. Educational Administration Quarterly, 57(1), 3–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X20913897
- Díez, M., Sabaté Gauxachs, A., & Micó, J. L. (2020). Caring Leadership: The Alignment of Organizational Values and Social Media Messaging. Journal of Media Ethics, 35(4), 228–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2020.1819813
- Farida, S., Tobroni, & Humaidi, N. (2024). Cultivation of Religious Tolerance Values In Multicultural Al- Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan Education at Maumere Muhammadiyah University. Didaktika: Jurnal Kependidikan, 13(001), 509–522. https://doi.org/10.58230/27454312.1528
- Gilani, D. M. H., Ali, S., & Mohyiddeen, G. (2022). Reimagining Islamic Discourse: Towards a Global Ethical Framework for Contemporary Leadership. Al- Shajarah: ISTAC Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization, 27(2), 103–120. https://doi.org/10.31436/shajarah.vi.1931
- Gregersen-Hermans, J. (2021). Toward a Curriculum for the Future: Synthesizing Education for Sustainable Development and Internationalization of the Curriculum. Journal of Studies in International Education, 25(4), 461–481. https://doi.org/10.1177/10283153211031033
- Grošelj, M., Černe, M., Penger, S., & Grah, B. (2021). Authentic and Transformational Leadership and Innovative Work Behaviour: The Moderating Role of Psychological empowerment. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(3), 677–706. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-10-2019-0294
- Hamdi, S., Wahdah, N., Ahmadi, A., & Musthofa, K. (2022). The Problem of Implementation of Islamic Education Curriculum in the Aspect of Moderation Learning and Hots Evaluation. EDURELIGIA: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 6(1), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.33650/edureligia.v6i1.3620
- Heenan, I. W., & Lafferty, N. (2024). An Applied Approach to Transformational Leadership for Whole School Communities : Perspectives of Primary School and System Leaders. Societies, 14(275), 1–44. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14120275
- Hennink, M., Hutter, I., & Bailey, A. (2020). Qualitative Research Methods. Sage. https://www.google.com/books?hl=id&lr=&id=_InCDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=descriptive+qualitative+approach+study+method&ots=3v9JhPo1fv&sig=lb7Pe0qq6zIywUstPHdVf8fVC68
- Hidayah, A., Rizky Fauziyah, N., & Wibowo, W. (2024). The Role of the State in Fostering Religious Harmony in Indonesia: A Historical Review, Challenges and Policy towards Moderation. Academic Journal of Islamic Principles and Philosophy, 5(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.22515/ajipp.v5i1.9181
- Hulawa, D. E., Yusuf, K. M., Alwizar, Afriza, Wahyudi, H., & Pamil, J. (2024). Transformational Leadership in Strengthening Religious Moderation in Private Islamic Higher Education Institutions in Riau Province Indonesia. SYAMIL: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam (Journal of Islamic Education), 12(1), 73–93. https://doi.org/10.21093/sy.v12i1.9644
- Humam, M. R. F., Putra, M., Aziz, M. H., & Asy’ari, B. F. (2024). Transformative Leadership of School Principals in Improving the Quality of Education from an Islamic Perspective. Ál-Fâhim: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 6(2), 343–368. https://doi.org/10.54396/alfahim.v6i2.1457
- Islamy, M. R. F. (2021). Islam and Religious Moderation: the Role of School Laboratory in Negotiating Religious Moderation Within Theological Plurality. Al-A’raf : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam Dan Filsafat, 18(1), 91–110. https://doi.org/10.22515/ajpif.v18i1.3418
- Kainde, S. J. R., & Mandagi, D. (2023). A Systematic Review of Servant Leadership Outcomes in Education Context. EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 4(2), 2563–2574. https://doi.org/10.62775/edukasia.v4i2.627
- Khalilurrahman, K., Sugiono, S., Manshur, U., & Munif, M. (2023). Harmony within Diversity: The Internalization of Religious Moderation as a Pillar in Sustaining National Identity. Jurnal Islam Nusantara, 7(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.33852/jurnalnu.v7i1.468
- Kwan, P. (2019). Is Transformational Leadership Theory Passé? Revisiting the Integrative Effect of Instructional Leadership and Transformational Leadership on Student Outcomes. Educational Administration Quarterly, 56(2), 321–349. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X19861137
- La Fors, K. (2024). Toward Children-centric AI: A Case for a Growth Model in Children-AI Interactions. AI and Society, 39(3), 1303–1315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01579-9
- Lai, F. Y., Tang, H. C., Lu, S. C., Lee, Y. C., & Lin, C. C. (2020). Transformational Leadership and Job Performance: The Mediating Role of Work Engagement. SAGE Open, 10(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019899085
- Lazaridou, A. (2021). Personality and Resilience Characteristics of Preschool Principals: An Iterative Study. International Journal of Educational Management, 35(1), 29–46. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-07-2020-0330
- Leggett, S. R., Desander, M. K., & Stewart, T. A. (2022). Lessons Learned from Designing a Principal Preparation Program: Equity, Coherence, and Collaboration. Journal of Research on Leadership Education, 18(3), 404–425. https://doi.org/10.1177/19427751221090254
- Leithwood, K. (2021). A Review of Evidence about Equitable School Leadership. Education Sciences, 11(8), 1–49. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11080377
- Lo, P., Allard, B., Anghelescu, H. G. B., Xin, Y., Chiu, D. K. W., & Stark, A. J. (2020). Transformational Leadership Practice in the World’s Leading Academic Libraries. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 52(4), 972–999. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000619897991
- M. Quraish Shihab. (2002). Tafsir Al-Misbah Pesan, Kesan, dan Keserasian Al-Qur’an Volume V. Lentera Hati.
- Mala, A., & Hunaida, W. L. (2023). Exploring the Role of Religious Moderation in Islamic Education: A Comprehensive Analysis of Its Unifying Potential and Practical Applications. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam (Journal of Islamic Education Studies), 11(2), 173–196. https://doi.org/10.15642/jpai.2023.11.2.173-196
- Malla, H. A. B., Hamka, H., Kurnia, K., & Abu, A. (2023). The Effect of Principal Leadership Through Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Teachers on the Quality of Islamic Religious Education Learning. QALAMUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, Dan Agama, 15(1), 483–502. https://doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v15i1.3945
- Manalu, M. F. J. (2023). Inter-Religious Engagement Fight for Environmental Crisis Eco-Bhinneka Muhammadiyah as a Facilitator of Religious Harmony through Environmental Care. Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama, 19(01), 99. https://doi.org/10.14421/rejusta.v19i1.4514
- Mappaenre, A., Hasanah, A., Samsul Arifin, B., Nuraini, Y., & Satria Wiwaha, R. (2023). The Implementation of Character Education in Madrasah. Attadrib: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 5(2), 166–181. https://doi.org/10.54069/attadrib.v5i2.302
- Mariyono, D. (2024). Multicultural Values: Meeting Point of Two Forces in Developing Islamic Education. Quality Education for All, 1(1), 46–69. https://doi.org/10.1108/QEA-02-2024-0018
- Marjani, G. I. (2023). Overcoming Theological Dilemmas: Fostering Religious Moderation through the Resolution of Faith and Rationality. Religious: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama Dan Lintas Budaya, 7(2), 115–128. https://doi.org/10.15575/rjsalb.v7i2.28311
- Mcghie-richmond, D. (2020). Collaborating for Inclusion: The Intersecting Roles of Teachers, Teacher Education, and School Leaders in Translating Researchch into Pro Practice. Exceptionality Education International, 30(2), 32–50. https://doi.org/10.5206/eei.v30i2.11080
- Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. 3rd ed. SAGE Publications.
- Mohammed, T., Al-sowaidi, B., & Muhammed, L. (2024). Promoting Inclusivity and Multiculturalism : The Role of Muslim Scholars in Cape Town’s Community Peacebuilding. Al-Manhaj: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial Islam, 6(2), 415–434. https://doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v6i2.6051
- Muhsin, M., & Kususiyanah, A. (2024). Religious Moderation in Indonesian Islamic Universities : Policy Implementation and Identity. Ascarya: Journal of Islamic Science, Culture, and Social Studies, 4(2), 54–66. https://doi.org/10.53754/iscs.v4i1.713
- Muliadi, E., Rasyidi, A. H., & Nasri, U. (2024). Islamic Educational Values in the Patuq Tradition: a Local Culture of Kuta Village, Central Lombok. Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education (AJIE), 8(3), 1072–1085. https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v8i3.694
- Nauman, S., Bhatti, S. H., Imam, H., & Khan, M. S. (2021). How Servant Leadership Drives Project Team Performance Through Collaborative Culture and Knowledge Sharing. Project Management Journal, 53(1), 17–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/87569728211037777
- Nazilah, S. R., Rahman, K., Hidayah, F., Wahyono, I., & Baharun, H. (2024). Promoting Religious Tolerance Through Islamic Education: Implementing Moderation Values in the Classroom. PALAPA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman Dan Ilmu Pendidikan, 12(2), 120–139. https://doi.org/10.36088/palapa.v12i2.5246
- Nurul Hidayati, Achmad Yusuf, Moch. Nasir, & Askhabul kirom. (2023). Relevansi Nilai-Nilai Multikultural Dalam Buku Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Budi Pekerti dengan Dimensi Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila. Academicus: Journal of Teaching and Learning, 2(2), 51–59. https://doi.org/10.59373/academicus.v2i2.22
- Pak, K., Polikoff, M. S., Desimone, L. M., & Saldívar García, E. (2020). The Adaptive Challenges of Curriculum Implementation: Insights for Educational Leaders Driving Standards-Based Reform. AERA Open, 6(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858420932828
- Philip, J. (2021). Viewing Digital Transformation through the Lens of Transformational Leadership. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 31(2), 114–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/10919392.2021.1911573
- Phillips, D., Bhojedat, J., Phillips, S., Henry, C., & Stewart-Fox, T. (2024). Exploring the Readiness of Schools for Distributed Leadership: Perspectives of Private School Teachers in Guyana. Creative Education, 15(02), 249–277. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2024.152015
- Puspitadani, E., Yudea, F., & Loo, F. (2022). Educational Leadership and Learning Quality: The Influence of the Princi-pal’s Leadership Style on Teacher Performance. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Humaniora, 11(3), 206–220. https://doi.org/10.35335/jiph.v11i3.24
- Rahayu, D. W., Akbar, S., Untari, S., & Wahyono, H. (2024). The Integral Role of School Culture in Shaping Student Behavior and Attitudes : A Case Study of Elementary School. Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Pendidikan, 16(2), 1989–1998. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v16i2.5336
- RI, D. A. (2019). Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahnya. Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al-Qur’an.
- Riaz, D. M., Baloch, F., Siddiqui, M., Ejaz, R., & Bashir, M. (2023). The Role of Islamic Education in Promoting Peace and Tolerance. Al-Qantara, 9(4), 307–327.
- Rojak, J. A., Sanaji, S., Witjaksono, A. D., & Kistyanto, A. (2024). The Influence of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance. EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 5(1), 977–990. https://doi.org/10.62775/edukasia.v5i1.926
- Saad Alessa, G. (2021). The Dimensions of Transformational Leadership and Its Organizational Effects in Public Universities in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(November), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.682092
- Salaudeen, A., & Dukawa, S. A. (2021). A Critique of Abu Bakrah’s Hadith on Women Political Leadership. ‘Abqari Journal, 24(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.33102/abqari.vol24no1.264
- Salim, N. A., Zaibi, M., Brantasari, M., & Ikhsan, M. (2024). Islamic Boarding School Leadership Innovation: From Traditional to Modernization of Education. Munaddhomah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 5(4), 447–460. https://doi.org/10.31538/munaddhomah.v5i4.1392
- Santra, S., & Alat, P. (2022). Adaptive Leadership of Doctors During COVID-19. Leadership in Health Services, 35(2), 246–266. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHS-08-2021-0073
- Setiawan, A. (2024). The Implementation of Tolerance Values Through Multicultural Education Program. Jurnal Civics : Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan, 21(2), 332–341. https://doi.org/10.21831/jc.v21i2.71337%0AThis
- Starke, C., Baleis, J., Keller, B., & Marcinkowski, F. (2022). Fairness Perceptions of Algorithmic Decision-making: A Systematic Review of the Empirical Literature. Big Data and Society, 9(2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517221115189
- Straub, R., & Vilsmaier, U. (2020). Pathways to Educational Change Revisited– controversies and Advances in the German Teacher Education System. Teaching and Teacher Education, 96(November), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103140
- Tanyel, S. S., & Kıralp, F. S. Ş. (2021). Tolerance for Sustainable Peace Culture in a Divided Society: The effect of Peace Education on Tolerance Tendency and Human Values. Social Indicators Research, 156(1), 223–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-021-02630-w
- Tarman, T. (2022). Prophetic Leadership for Cultivating Religious Moderation Rooted in Local Wisdom: Charting a Path to Tolerance and Harmony. Jurnal Islam Nusantara, 6(2), 110. https://doi.org/10.33852/jurnalnu.v6i2.331
- Uhbiyati, N. (2021). The Principal’s Transformative Leadership Model in Resulting Competitive Graduates. Jurnal Iqra’: Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(1), 88–98. https://doi.org/10.25217/ji.v6i1.1080
- Wilcoxen, C., Steiner, A., & Bell, J. (2021). Strengthening Preservice Teachers’ Understanding of Culturally Responsive Classrooms Through Exposure, Immersion, and Dialogue. Journal of Community Engagement and Scholarship, 14(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.54656/flxy2991
- Zamiri, M., & Esmaeili, A. (2024). Strategies, Methods, and Supports for Developing Skills within Learning Communities: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Administrative Sciences, 14(9), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14090231